Here we describe them individually, so that you know when best to use them. The two most common dial indicator alignment methods are the rimface and reverse rim. Whatever instrument or method you use to measure machine alignment, nothing saves more time and money in the alignemnt process than using stainless steel precut shims. Shafting is properly aligned when desired vertical and horizontal bearing loads have been achieved within the range of acceptable shaft bending stress.
Dec 01, 2002 the results have led to a much different method of evaluating the quality of a shaft alignment and to increasingly accurate methods of correcting misaligned conditions. With feeler gauge find obvious gaps and fill them with shims, taking care of any rough soft foot condition. Shaft alignment is a key factor in reducing vibrations and increasing reliability in rotating equipment. The primary reasons why machinery is misaligned is lack of proper training, improper tools to do the job, and that people are not given enough time to do it right. The goal of the alignment process is to create a straight line through the coupling. This alignment method is best used when 180 degrees of shaft rotation is not possible. Shaft alignment should be an organized and simple process. Methods the four most popular methods of controlling shaft alignment are.
Pdf laseroptical alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more accurate than conventional mechanical methods and can. Choose your shims from your shimcase according to the thickness required and slide them in. Aim to have all soft foot readings within 2 mils thou. The intuitive and affordable laser shaft alignment system skf shaft alignment tool tksa 31 the tksa 31 is skf s most affordable solution for easy laser shaft alignment. Alignment process alignment process consists of the design and analysis, the alignment procedure and measurements. Proper shaft alignment is especially critical when the motor is operated at high speeds. A variety of shaft alignment fixtures are available for performing rimface alignment. You will be introduced to the five primary alignment measurement methods. The results have led to a much different method of evaluating the quality of a shaft alignment and to increasingly accurate methods of correcting misaligned conditions. Based on the research and actual industrial machine evaluations, shaft alignment tolerances are now more commonly based on shaft rpm rather than shaft diameter or coupling.
A static condition observed at the bearings supporting the propulsion shafts. Reverse indicator method alignment and couplings 3 the reverse indicator method is another shaft alignment method. Standard industry norms for alignment tolerances are cited in table 1. The book is reference material on rotating machinery basics, pump overhaul, mechanical seals, basic vibration, and shaft alignment. Dial gauge alignment procedure in covered with detailed animation. Mar 03, 2017 in this video we will describe shaft coupling alignment procedures, pump alignment training,drive shaft alignment, shaft alignment using dial indicator,how to do an alignment,axial alignment shaft. A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. Shaft alignment procedure mantenimiento planificado. There are two common methods of evaluating shaft to shaft alignment. In practice, proper alignment is difficult to achieve without using alignment equipment such as dial indicators or laser alignment tools. The easytrend program allows you to keep track of machine movement over time. All measurements are taken on the rim of the coupling hubs. Pdf a laser shaft alignment by ipspsds for rotary machine. Shaft alignment is the process to align two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin.
Shaft couplingalignmentprocedurereverse dial method 22. Shaft alignment status pro maschinenmesstechnik gmbh bochum. It is not intended as a comprehensive guide to alignment of process machinery, nor is it a substitute for seeking professional advice or. This method is often considered so complicated that many users have developed step by step worksheets, plotting boards, programmable calcula189. Shaft alignment can be done utilizing several methods and tools, such as straightedges, calipers, dial indicators, optics, or laser systems. The procedure for doing reverse dial indicator alignment is not a difficult one. Shaft misalignment is responsible for as much as 50 percent of all costs related to rotating machinery breakdowns. With a loadonpad design, figure 1 the shaft is free to laterally within bearing clearance, and alignment data is difficult to obtain without temporary bearing shims to stabilize the sham with a loadbetweenpad design, figure 1 b, the shaft remains stable during the alignment procedure. The most popular method of measurement is reverse alignment. When using a rimface method, one measurement is taken on the rim of the coupling to determine shaft offset.
The fixtures should include an assortment of rods to span various coupling lengths. Xt770 the complete shaft alignment system easylaser. The shaft alignment training course provides a highly practical knowledge of the use of dial gauge in coupling alignment. In this video we will describe shaft coupling alignment procedures, pump alignment training,drive shaft alignment,shaft alignment using dial indicator,how to do. This method often requires the machines to be uncoupled to perform alignment. Pdf basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin. The indicators are zeroed on the top and read at the bottom. It uses two dial indicators, one on each shaft, to measure the parallel and angular misalignment as shown in figure 21. Bearing clearance radial gap between the shaft and the bearing shell. It is an absolute requirement for machinery before the machinery is put in service. The two most common dial indicator alignment methods are the. We only use prewired, full bridge circuits containing weldon gages and quality connectors.
An alternate method focusses on the actual work done by the flexible coupling to accommodate shaft to shaft misalignment. This 2day course begins with the fundamental principles behind shaft to shaft alignment and concludes with students conducting a series of alignment exercises using conventional alignment tools. It is not intended as a comprehensive guide to alignment of process machinery, nor is it a substitute for seeking professional advice or reference to the manufacturers of the machinery. Attached you will find an assortment of pratical shimcases. Produce pdf reports directly from the display unit and save to usb. The offset and angularity between shaft centerlines can be used as an indicator of shaft alignment. Oct 08, 2017 shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. Shaft aligning techniques shaft alignment by conventional method shaft alignment by dial test indicator dti shaft alignment by using laser equipment shaft alignment by using computer. Here you can download the pdf template of the tksa 20 shaft alignment report, which can be used for documenting of your alignment activities. Laser shaft alignment with four different measurement methods. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume 21. The laser method of alignment is similar to the rim and face method, but it uses light to span the shaft to shaft distance. Shaft aligning procedure preliminary checks visually check coupling, pipe hangers, base bolts, coupling spacing etc. While a full rotation is ideal, this method can provide accurate.
A modern, laserbased shaft alignment system measures the angle between shaft centerlines. The rotation of the measurement devices around the shaft is similar to that of a clock. Another measurement is taken on the face of the coupling to determine shaft angularity. As both shafts are rotated, the misalignment is determined by the movement of the laser beam on the detector surface. Shaft alignment, often called coupling alignment, is a process to make two or more rotating shafts colinear, or in the same straight line, both vertically and horizontally. This course begins with the fundamental principles behind shaft to shaft alignment and concludes with students conducting a series of alignment exercises using conventional alignment tools. The main purpose of shaft alignment is to make sure that the center line of the motor rotor shaft coincides with the center line of the driven machinery i. Laser alignment using the ams 2140 emerson electric.
Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by c. The ergonomic display unit with touch screen makes the instrument very easy to use and the builtin machine library helps storing alignment reports for multiple machines. Foundations, base plates, installation, and piping strain. Auto sweep is the easiest method and recommended for virtually all coupled alignments. Basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin n1achincrv. Multiple alignment modes are available to address any shaft alignment task. Several equipment alignment methods, especially the reverse dial indicator method, which is the principle used in laser alignment is covered in explicit detail. Oct 12, 2017 the major topics in this tutorial will discuss the basic roughing in techniques for your initial alignment of machinery. The alignment is checked during installation by a taut wire, a sighting telescope or a laser beam. Dual psd, dual laser beams and dual inclinometers for superior control and accuracy. Improper alignment leads to increase of stresses in the shafts and thus on the equipment, which might result in break down of the machine. It is important to establish a set procedure to perform alignments. The vertical move is the part of the alignment process that aligns the two shafts centerlines into their proper up and down position. Shaft alignment methods explained bright hub engineering.
The alignment training is suitable for technicians undertaking machine alignment, coupling alignment, motor alignmnet, pump alignment, etc. We suggest the following one day classroom alignment training class on rotating equipment alignment practice. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and machine. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and. The four shaft alignment measurement methods are 9123, easyturn, multipoint and continuous sweep. There are several steps which need to be taken for a successful alignment job. The risk of lost earnings and the potential threat to the safety of the ship make the issue of shaft alignment a critical one for owners, operators and yards. Improper alignment results in excessive vibration, short life of driven equipment compound bearing and coupling clutch parts, and frequent realignment. Shaft couplingalignmentprocedurereverse dial method 2. The capital cost outlay for a laser system versus a set of dial indicators and magnetic bases is the obvious first reason for looking at efficient alignment methods. It can be shown that accepting the simple foot corrections approach can. The laser method of alignment is similar to the rim and face method, but it uses light to span the shafttoshaft distance. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume.
A laser shaft alignment by ipspsds for rotary machine article pdf available in international journal of engineering and technology 44. Alignment procedure an executable part of the alignment process where alignment is performed in accordance with the defined requirements. The major topics in this tutorial will discuss the basic roughing in techniques for your initial alignment of machinery. For example, the only correct way to express shaftalignment tolerances is in terms. Care has been taken by the authors, pruftechnik ltd, in the preparation of this publication. Electronic and electrooptical shaft alignment systems. Diehl engineering has a long record of successful alignment measurement using the strain gage method.
Traditionally alignment has been described in terms of dial indicator readings at the coupling face or. With easylaser xt770 you can perform shaft alignment of horizontal and verticallyflange mounted machines, but also align machine trains, measure twist of foundation, soft foot, bearing clearance, and more. The bent shaft affects alignment process by showing improper reading. Two methods used for establishing the desired alignment are the gap and sag method and the bearing load measurement method. Shaft alignment industrial wiki odesie by tech transfer. Usually you will have to add or remove shims in this step.
Visually check coupling, pipehangers, base bolts, coupling spacing etc. Simply mount the laser fixtures and rotate the shaft. This method is often considered so complicated that many users have developed step by step. This book will help with the training and the tools. Shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. Shaft alignment is a method or procedure by which shafts of machines such as motors and turbines are connected to a generator or pump in proper alignment. The rotating equipment machine shaft coupling alignment training course will cover several alignment methodstechniques like straight edge, rim face alignment and reverse dial indicator alignment procedure. Sighting through as part of shaft alignment procedure eliza jaryszkami ska west pomeranian university of technology, szczecin, institute of manufacturing engineering, al. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for vertical shaft alignment including when alignment procedures should be considered, and therefore, all information in this document is presented as plain text as required.